Server+
Certification Exam Notes
21. Two most widely
used types of RAM:
1.
DRAM - Dynamic RAM,
and
2.
SRAM - Static RAM.
SRAM, being very expensive, commonly used for Cache
memory. DRAM, being cheaper, is used for main memory.
22. SIMMs &DIMMs:
SIMMs come in both 30 pin (older 386/some 486 compatible) and 72 pin
formats. SIMMs must be installed in pairs. On the other
hand DIMMs can be installed one at a time. DIMMs usually
come in 168 pin configuration.
23. SANs:
-
Advantages of Storage
Area Network (SAN):
-
Simplified storage
management,
-
Flexibility, and
Scalability of architecture
-
Availability, and
fast data access.
24. Processors:
-
Windows 95/98
Operating system supports only one micro processor.
-
Windows 2000
Professional supports upto 2 processors.
-
Windows 2000 Server
supports a maximum of 4 processors.
-
Windows 2000 Advanced
Server supports up to 8 processors.
-
Windows 2000 Data
Center Server supports up to 32 processors.
-
Pentium III processor
is compatible with Pentium II processor, hardware wise.
You only need to upgrade the BIOS on the main board
to use improved functionality of Pentium III
processor.
-
RISC processors
compute simplest instructions in the shortest amount of
time possible, as against CISC processors.
-
Pentium Pro was the
first CPU package that included the L2 cache inside the
CPU package itself.
25. Fiber channel:
-
N_Port stands for
Node Port and located at the termination (Node) end.
-
F_Port stands for
Fabric Port and is located at the switch end.
Fiber Channel
supports three (3) topologies:
-
Point-to-Point:The
Point-to-Point connection is the simplest of the three
topologies with two N_Ports (such as a Host and RAID
system) connected. This topology has limited
applications with no expansion capabilities but can
serve as a high-speed interface between two points over
long distances. The communication is full duplex so a 1
gigabit/sec link delivers 200MB/s of dedicated
bandwidth. Point-to-Point
configuration costs relatively less due to simplicity of
architecture.
-
Arbitrated Loop:
Fiber Channel Arbitrated Loop (FC-AL) provides a low
cost alternative that allows multiple connections
without the aid of a switch. Here, L_Port can be
connected to any loop with each port sharing the
bandwidth. The connection is half-duplex which means
once a port arbitrates and gains access to the loop,
transmission of information is in one direction only.
This effectively opens a point-to-point connection
utilizing 1/2 of the available loop bandwidth.
-
Switched Fabric and
Loop: The
Fiber Channel Switch is analogous to the Router in
networking, managing connections, routing requests to
the proper ports, and allowing characteristics to be set
on each port. A switch will also automatically configure
the port for point-to-point (F_Port) or loop operation (FL_Port).
26.
FC-AL supports full-duplex data-transfer rates of
100MBps and is compatible with SCSI.
It is often recommended to lay
the fiber for backbone, since it is immune to EMI and
also can carry higher bandwidths.
27. Servers using RISC
processors are usually designed for high end
applications with high availability and larger
processing power. Hence, RISC based servers are usually
much more expensive than Intel processor based servers.
28. SDRAM is faster compared to
DRAM, VRAM, EDORAM.
29. A fail-over describes a
mechanism, where if the primary node in a cluster fails,
and the secondary node takes over the load of the failed
node. During a fail-over, usually the failure (or
fail-over) is not noticed by the clients.
30. With Write-Through cache,
each write operation to the cache is accompanied by a
write operation to the main memory. That means, the data
is written to the cache and the main memory at the same
time.
With Write-Back cache, the CPU
writes to the cache first. But the actual updating of
main memory takes place at a later time.
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