A+ Certification, awarded by CompTIA®
organization is the most widely recognized certification
in the area of PC hardware and software technologies. To
attain A+ certification, one need to pass 2 exams, namely,
A+ Core Hardware Technologies, and A+ Operating Systems
Technologies. These exams basically test the skills in assembling
a computer, troubleshooting, and the ability to work with
various operating systems. Linux is not included in the
A+ Certification Operating Systems exam, as it has an exam
of its own (Linux+ Certification), offered by CompTIA. The
exam cram offers several final preparation points for candidates
intending to appear for the A+ test. Latest objectives are
available from Comptia.com website.
Download
A+ practice
tests from SimulationExams.com
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41. Terminate and Stay Resident programs, as the name
suggest, stay inactive in the memory area of the computer.
An example of a TSR is Screen saver program. To view, which
programs are consuming how much memory area, MEM command
can be issued with switch "C".
42. If you notice that the time is constantly incorrect,
even after adjusting correctly, the most likely cause is
that the CMOS battery has become weak and need to be replaced.
43. When you have two hard disk drives, the following
two combinations are possible:
- Install the drives one each on primary and secondary
controllers and designate both as Masters.
- Install both the drives on the primary controller
and designate one as Master and the other as Slave.
44. Cleaning of PC components - tools used:
Recommended cleaning procedures for various components
are as below:
- Computer Cabinet: Use Mild detergent
- Dust inside the computer: Use Compressed air
- Tape drive: Use tape drive cleaning catridge
- Floppy drive: Use Floppy drive cleaning kit
- CD ROM drive: Use CD-ROM drive cleaning kit
- Mouse: Use cotton swab with Isopropyl Alcohol.
IsoPropyl Alcohol is recommended for cleaning PCAs such as
motherboards. Mild detergent can be used for cleaning the outside
cabinet or the keyboard.
45. Laptop computers:
Nickel Cadmium battery is not environmentally friendly and
not as efficient as Nickel / Metalhydride or Lithium Ion. Nickel
/ Metal hydride, though environmentally friendly, not as efficient
as Lithium Ion. Lithium Ion battery is environmentally friendly
and very efficient.
Passive matrix displays are most commonly used and cheaper
than Active matrix displays. Also, passive matrix displays consume
less power. However, the advantages of active matrix display
are that they can handle faster screen image transition, and
display is clearly viewable, even from slant angles.
Laptops most widely use PCMCIA cards, also referred to as
PC cards.
46. Handheld PCs are also referred to as Personal Digital
Assistants (PDAs).
47. Batteries, and chemical solvents contain environmentally
hazardous chemicals and therefore, should not be disposed through
dustbin. Always refer to the manufacturer's instructions or
the relevant State guidelines.
48. Given below are important bus types and their characteristics:
Bus Type |
Data bus width |
Speed |
Bandwidth |
Comments |
ISA |
16-bit |
8.3MHz |
15.9MBPS |
Use jumpers to configure |
EISA |
32-bit |
8.3MHz |
31.8MBPS |
Backward compatible with ISA, uses software/
jumpers for configuration |
VESA or VL bus |
32-bit |
33MHz |
127.2MBPS |
Backward compatible with ISA cards |
PCI |
32-bit |
33MHz |
127.2MBPS |
Supports Plug and Play |
64-bit PCI |
64-bit |
66MHz |
508.6MBPS |
Supports Plug and Play |
PCMCIA |
32-bit |
33MHz |
|
Used in laptops, also know as PC card |
AGP |
32-bit |
Speed of Processor |
|
Used in video cards |
49.Printers and cables:
InkJet is the generic name given for contactless printing
using ink.
The centronics cable, used for parallel printing will have
a male DB-25 connector at one end and a female 36 pin connector
at the other end.
Friction feed is most commonly used with laser printers,
and Inkjet printers.
50.Ethernet:
10BaseT Ethernet complies to IEEE standard 802.3 and requires
an RJ-45 connector to connect to the NIC. The maximum specified
transmission speed for 10BaseT Ethernet is 10Mbps. For 100BaseT,
it is 100Mbps.
Ethernet is based on CSMA/CD, which stands for Carrier Sense
Multiple Access / Collision Detect.
CAT3, CAT4 or, CAT5 cabling is used with 10BaseT Ethernet.
Thin coax is used with 10Base2 Ethernet. Thick coax is used
with 10Base5 Ethernet. FDDI uses Optic Fiber as the medium.
10Base2 network, also known as Thin-net, uses BNC connector
to connect to the NIC.
A repeater can extend the distance over which the signal
can travel without loosing out due to attenuation.
The maximum length of the cable for 10BaseT Ethernet segment
is 100 meters.
Thin co-axial and thick co-axial cables have conductive grounding
sheath surrounding the center conductor. Therefore, the electromagnetic
interference (EMI) is significantly less.
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