Cisco^® CCNP Remote Access Exam Cram Notes.

Exam cram

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1.0 Central site equipment:

Cisco^® recommends any of the following router equipment for central site or Corporate site:

1. Cisco 3600 series: Several models are available including 3620, 3640, and 3660. 36XX series of routers/access servers support variety of connections and protocols. The supported network interfaces include the following:

Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, Token Ring, Asynchronous, Synchronous serial, High Speed Serial Interface, ISDN BRI, Channelized T1/ISDN PRI (with and without CSU) , Digital Modems, Analog Modems, Voice, among others.

2. Cisco 4000 series: Cisco 4000 series include Cisco 4500 and Cisco 4700. Each of these have three network module slots. The presence of network module slots allows us to use variety of network modules and protocols. WAN Interface Card (WIC) can also be plugged in.

Cisco AS5X00: Cisco AS5X00 family of access servers support both analog modem and ISDN dial services. It is ideal where large number of remote users want to access the central site using dial up or ISDN services.

3. Cisco 7000 series: These are high end routers that supports combination of Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI, ATM, serial, ISDN etc.

The selection of equipment depends on the number of computers situated at the central site, type of applications that are being used, the number of remote connections from branch offices/home offices/telecommuter sites, and the bandwidth requirements.

1.1 Cisco recommends the following router equipment for branch office:

Series 1600: Cisco 1600 series includes Cisco 1601 through Cisco 1605. Each router has one empty network module slot.
Series 1700: Cisco 1700 series include Cisco 1720. It has one 10/100 Ethernet interface and two WAN slots.
Series 2500: Cisco 2500 series include Cisco 2501,2502. These routers are typically fixed configuration with any combination of the Ethernet, Token Ring, synchronous serial, ISDN BRI, and Hub (at least two of these interfaces are present).
Series 2600: Cisco 2600 series includes Cisco 2610, and 2620 routers. Each router has two empty WAN slots and one empty network module slot.

Note that Cisco series 1600, 1700, 2500, and 2600 are recommended for branch office applications.

1.2 The following are recommended by Cisco for Telecommuter site:

Series 700 are easy to configure multiprotocol ISDN access routers.
Series 800 are fixed configuration routers with ISDN BRI and Ethernet interfaces. Cisco recommends these models for home office/telecommuter facility.

Note that Series 700/Series 800/ Series 1000 routers are recommended for home office/telecommuter facility.

2.0 Some important routers series and their configurations:

Series 800 are fixed configuration routers with one Ethernet interface and most models (Only Cisco 805 does not have ISDN BRI interface) have ISDN BRI interface. Cisco805 has Serial interface. Cisco803, 804, and 813 can also accommodate 2 POTS in addition to Ethernet and ISDN BRI.
Series 1000: These are also fixed configuration routers. Cisco1003, Cisco1004 have 1 ISDN BRI + 1 Ethernet interface. Cisco 1005 has one Ethernet + 1 serial (sync/async) interface.
Note that Cisco 700 series, 800 series, and 1000 series are recommended for telecommuter or home office.
Series 1600: Cisco 1600 series includes Cisco 1601 through Cisco 1605. Each router has one WAN slot. Models 1601,15602,1603,1604 have one Ethernet interface, whereas model 1605 has 2 Ethernet interfaces. Support is also provided for ISDN BRI (1603,1604), and serial interface (1601). Cisco1602 has 56/64K CSU/DSU interface.
Series 2500: Cisco 2500 series include Cisco 2501,2502 and several other models. These routers are of fixed configuration (except Cisco2524) with any combination of the Ethernet, Token Ring, synchronous serial, ISDN BRI, and Hub (at least two of these interfaces are present).
Series 2600: Cisco 2600 series includes Cisco 2610, 2611 and 2620, 2621 routers. Each router has two empty WAN slots and one empty network module slot. 2610 has 1 Ethernet interface, whereas 2611 has two Ethernet interfaces. 2620 has 1 Fast Ethernet interface, whereas 2621 has two Fast Ethernet interfaces. The major difference between 2610 and 2620 is that the later provides support for Fast Ethernet.

It is recommended that you practice configuration of routers using ConfigMaker, a free utility available at Cisco Website and free to download and use.

3.0 Router LEDs:

By observing the status of various LEDs on a Cisco router, the health of a router can be found quickly. However, if the LED status is OK, and the problem still remains, you need to consult the manufacturer documentation for troubleshooting. Other options include Cisco Website, CCO Website etc.

Important LEDs on a Cisco 1600 router are as follows:

1. System PWR: Green indicates that the DC power to the router is OK.
2. System OK: Green indicates that the router has booted properly.
3. WIC CD: Green indicates an active connection on the serial port of WAN interface card.
4. WIC ACT: Activity indicates an active connection on the serial port of WAN interface card.
5. LAN ACT: This indicates that data is being sent or received.
6. LAN COL: Frame collisions are indicated by a flashing yellow LED.

4.0 EIA-232 / RS 232:

In EIA/TIA-232 standard, signals can be grouped as below (Pin numbers are given assuming 25 pin connector cable):
A. Data Transfer Group:
TxD (pin 2 on DTE): Transmit Data - This represents data transmit from DTE to DCE (Note the reference is DTE)
RxD (pin 3 on DTE): Receive Data - This represents data received from DCE to DTE (Again note the reference is DTE)
GRD (pin 7 on DTE)
B. Flow Control Group:
RTS (pin 4): Request To Send - Represents that the DTE has buffer space available to receive data from the DCE.
CTS (pin 5): Clear To Send - Represents that the DCE has buffer space available to receive data from DTE.
C. Modem Control Group:
DTR: Data Terminal Ready - Represents that the DTE is ready to receive data.
CD (pin8) - Carrier Detect - Indicates that the DCE has detected carrier from remote DCE.
DSR (pin6): Data Set Ready - It indicates that the DCE is ready to use.
If you are using a 25 pin connector on either end, and the cable is straight through, there is one to one correspondence in the pin connections. That is pin 2 of DTE is connected to pin 2 of DCE, pin 3 of DTE is connected to pin 3 of DCE etc. However, if you are using 25 pin connector at one end and 9 pin connector at the other end, the pin numbers change.

5.0 Null Modem:

In normal course, a DTE device is expected to communicated with a DCE device. In such event, the connections between the DCE and DTE devices is straight. However, if the communication need to happen between two DTEs or two DCEs (Null Modem), the signals need to be rolled. This is achieved by rolling the pins in the cable or in the DB-25 adapter. Typically, a DTE to DTE communication can be achieved by:

1. By connecting DTE to a rolled RJ-45 cable to a straight DB-25 adapter to DTE, OR
2. By connecting a straight RJ-45 cable to a rolled DB-25 adapter to DTE.
Similarly, a DTE to DCE communication can be achieved by:
1. Connecting a DTE to a straight RJ-45 cable to a straight DB-25 adapter to DCE, OR
2. Connecting a rolled RJ-45 cable to a rolled DB-25 adapter to DCE.

Note that rolling the signals twice is same as using straight through cables or adapters without any rolling at all.

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